SEISMIC IMPACT ON HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

Abstract

About 30% of the territory of Azerbaijan is located in the zone of seismic activity. In the
Alpine-Himalayan geosynclinal belt, where Azerbaijan is located, the movement of lithospheric plates
continues, as a result of these movements, tectonic faults, uplift of mountains, and depressions of the plain were
formed [1]. The causes of earthquakes have been the subject of study since ancient times. Many ancient scientists
expressed various hypotheses about the causes of earthquakes, but this issue was most fully considered by
Aristotl [2,3]. He believed that the cause of earthquakes is the movement from the depths, spirit, solid matter,
and he saw proof of this position in volcanic activity. In many parts of the world, earthquakes are also caused
by volcanic activity. Earthquakes occur and as a result of human activity, powerful explosions (especially
nuclear ones), the construction of large reservoirs, et al.
In 1910, A. Wagner suggested that once all the continents were part of a single supercontinent [4]. This
hypothesis has become a proven theory, called the theory of plate tectonics, the main content of which is that
the outer shell of the Earth (the lithosphere) consists of several large and strong plates moving one relative to
the other. The thickness of the plates is about 80 km [4]. In the zones of their contact with each other, rocks are
under the influence of large tectonic forces, causing physical and even chemical changes in them. The plate
system itself is undergoing constant change.